[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":821},["ShallowReactive",2],{"reference-standard-enthalpies-of-formation":3},{"table":4},{"id":5,"slug":6,"title":7,"shortTitle":8,"category":9,"description":10,"metaDescription":11,"columns":12,"dataSource":34,"filters":35,"entryCount":37,"notes":38,"relatedTopics":46,"relatedElements":48,"seoKeywords":60,"relatedReferences":69,"tableTitle":71,"tableDescription":72,"seoTitle":73,"sources":74,"rows":90,"source":819},10,"standard-enthalpies-of-formation","Standard Thermodynamic Properties (ΔH°f, ΔG°f, S°)","Standard Enthalpies of Formation","thermodynamics","Standard enthalpy of formation (ΔH°f), standard Gibbs free energy of formation (ΔG°f), and absolute standard entropy (S°) for a curated general-chemistry set of 157 substances at 298.15 K, grouped into ChemWhiz teaching categories (elements, oxides, acids and bases, salts, aqueous ions, organic and other molecular compounds). Use these values with Hess's law (ΔH°rxn = Σ n·ΔH°f products − Σ n·ΔH°f reactants) and with ΔG°rxn = ΔH°rxn − T·ΔS°rxn for spontaneity. Pure elements in their standard reference state have ΔH°f = ΔG°f = 0 by definition.","ΔH°f, ΔG°f, and absolute standard entropy (S°) for 157 substances (a curated general-chemistry set) at 25 °C, for Hess's-law and spontaneity calculations.",[13,17,21,24,28,31],{"key":14,"label":15,"type":16},"category","Category","text",{"key":18,"label":19,"type":20},"formula","Formula","chem",{"key":22,"label":23,"type":16},"phase","Phase",{"key":25,"label":26,"type":27},"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol","ΔH°f (kJ/mol)","number",{"key":29,"label":30,"type":27},"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol","ΔG°f (kJ/mol)",{"key":32,"label":33,"type":27},"S_J_per_mol_K","S° (J/mol·K)","reference-values/standard-enthalpies-of-formation.json",[36],{"key":14,"label":15},157,[39,40,41,42,43,44,45],"All values at 298.15 K (25 °C) and 1 bar; aqueous ions referenced to 1 mol/L with S°(H⁺, aq) ≡ 0.","Pure elements in their standard reference state (graphite for C; H₂, N₂, O₂ as gases; etc.) have ΔH°f = ΔG°f = 0 by definition.","Use Hess's law: ΔH°rxn = Σ n·ΔH°f(products) − Σ n·ΔH°f(reactants), where n is the stoichiometric coefficient.","For ΔG°rxn use ΔG°rxn = ΔH°rxn − T·ΔS°rxn (T in K, ΔS° in J/(mol·K), convert to kJ before combining).","A few substances list more than one form in the Phase column (e.g. s (graphite) vs s (diamond) for carbon); pick the form your problem specifies.","This is a curated general-chemistry teaching set (157 substances) organized by category, at authoritative standard-reference-table values; every species a ChemWhiz problem tells you to look up here appears with the cited value.","Aqueous-ion entropies are NOT absolute, they're referenced to S°(H⁺, aq) ≡ 0. Negative S° values for ions are real (relative to that convention).",[47],"thermochemistry",[49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59],"H","C","N","O","Na","Cl","Fe","Cu","Al","Hg","S",[61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68],"standard enthalpy of formation","delta H formation","ΔH°f table","Hess's law","thermochemistry reference","standard entropy","Gibbs free energy of formation","thermodynamic properties",[70],"bond-energies","Standard ΔH°f, ΔG°f, and S° at 298.15 K","Use with Hess's law for reaction enthalpies and with ΔG° = ΔH° − TΔS° for spontaneity.","Standard Thermodynamic Properties",[75,78,81,84,87],{"label":76,"url":77},"OpenStax Chemistry 2e, Appendix G","https://openstax.org/books/chemistry-2e/pages/g-standard-thermodynamic-properties-for-selected-substances",{"label":79,"url":80},"NBS Technical Note 270-4","https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/TN/nbstechnicalnote270-4.pdf",{"label":82,"url":83},"TN 270-6","https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/TN/nbstechnicalnote270-6.pdf",{"label":85,"url":86},"TN 270-8","https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/TN/nbstechnicalnote270-8.pdf",{"label":88,"url":89},"NIST Chemistry WebBook","https://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/",[91,96,100,103,108,111,115,118,120,123,125,128,130,133,136,139,142,145,147,150,155,158,162,165,168,171,174,176,180,186,191,196,200,205,210,214,219,224,229,234,239,244,249,254,259,264,269,274,279,284,289,294,299,305,310,315,320,325,330,335,340,346,351,356,361,366,371,376,381,386,389,394,399,404,409,414,419,425,430,435,440,445,451,456,461,466,471,476,481,486,491,496,501,506,511,516,521,525,530,534,539,543,548,551,556,561,566,571,576,581,586,591,596,601,606,611,616,621,626,631,636,641,646,651,655,660,665,670,675,680,685,690,695,700,706,711,716,721,726,731,735,740,744,749,753,758,763,768,773,778,783,788,794,799,804,809,814],{"category":92,"formula":57,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"S_J_per_mol_K":95},"Elements (reference states)","s",0,28.3,{"category":92,"formula":97,"phase":98,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"S_J_per_mol_K":99},"Br2","l",152.23,{"category":92,"formula":50,"phase":101,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"S_J_per_mol_K":102},"s (graphite)",5.74,{"category":92,"formula":50,"phase":104,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":105,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":106,"S_J_per_mol_K":107},"s (diamond)",1.89,2.9,2.38,{"category":92,"formula":109,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"S_J_per_mol_K":110},"Ca",41.6,{"category":92,"formula":112,"phase":113,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"S_J_per_mol_K":114},"Cl2","g",223.1,{"category":92,"formula":116,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"S_J_per_mol_K":117},"Cr",23.77,{"category":92,"formula":56,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"S_J_per_mol_K":119},33.15,{"category":92,"formula":121,"phase":113,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"S_J_per_mol_K":122},"F2",202.8,{"category":92,"formula":55,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"S_J_per_mol_K":124},27.3,{"category":92,"formula":126,"phase":113,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"S_J_per_mol_K":127},"H2",130.7,{"category":92,"formula":58,"phase":98,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"S_J_per_mol_K":129},75.9,{"category":92,"formula":131,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"S_J_per_mol_K":132},"I2",116.14,{"category":92,"formula":134,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"S_J_per_mol_K":135},"K",64.7,{"category":92,"formula":137,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"S_J_per_mol_K":138},"Li",29.1,{"category":92,"formula":140,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"S_J_per_mol_K":141},"Mn",32,{"category":92,"formula":143,"phase":113,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"S_J_per_mol_K":144},"N2",191.6,{"category":92,"formula":53,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"S_J_per_mol_K":146},51.3,{"category":92,"formula":148,"phase":113,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"S_J_per_mol_K":149},"O2",205.2,{"category":92,"formula":151,"phase":113,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":152,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":153,"S_J_per_mol_K":154},"O3",142.7,163.2,238.9,{"category":92,"formula":156,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"S_J_per_mol_K":157},"P4",164.4,{"category":92,"formula":159,"phase":160,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"S_J_per_mol_K":161},"S8","s (rhombic)",256.8,{"category":92,"formula":163,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"S_J_per_mol_K":164},"Si",18.8,{"category":92,"formula":166,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"S_J_per_mol_K":167},"Sn",51.2,{"category":92,"formula":169,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"S_J_per_mol_K":170},"Ag",42.55,{"category":92,"formula":172,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"S_J_per_mol_K":173},"Pb",64.81,{"category":92,"formula":175,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"S_J_per_mol_K":110},"Zn",{"category":92,"formula":59,"phase":113,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":177,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":178,"S_J_per_mol_K":179},278.81,238.25,167.82,{"category":181,"formula":182,"phase":113,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":183,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":184,"S_J_per_mol_K":185},"Common oxides","CO",-110.52,-137.15,197.7,{"category":181,"formula":187,"phase":113,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":188,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":189,"S_J_per_mol_K":190},"CO2",-393.51,-394.36,213.8,{"category":181,"formula":192,"phase":98,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":193,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":194,"S_J_per_mol_K":195},"H2O",-285.83,-237.1,70,{"category":181,"formula":192,"phase":113,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":197,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":198,"S_J_per_mol_K":199},-241.82,-228.59,188.8,{"category":181,"formula":201,"phase":98,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":202,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":203,"S_J_per_mol_K":204},"H2O2",-187.78,-120.35,109.6,{"category":181,"formula":206,"phase":113,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":207,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":208,"S_J_per_mol_K":209},"NO",90.25,87.6,210.8,{"category":181,"formula":211,"phase":113,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":212,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":146,"S_J_per_mol_K":213},"NO2",33.2,240.1,{"category":181,"formula":215,"phase":113,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":216,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":217,"S_J_per_mol_K":218},"N2O",81.6,103.7,220,{"category":181,"formula":220,"phase":113,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":221,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":222,"S_J_per_mol_K":223},"N2O4",11.1,99.8,304.4,{"category":181,"formula":225,"phase":113,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":226,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":227,"S_J_per_mol_K":228},"SO2",-296.83,-300.1,248.2,{"category":181,"formula":230,"phase":113,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":231,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":232,"S_J_per_mol_K":233},"SO3",-395.72,-371.06,256.76,{"category":181,"formula":235,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":236,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":237,"S_J_per_mol_K":238},"Al2O3",-1676,-1582,50.92,{"category":181,"formula":240,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":241,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":242,"S_J_per_mol_K":243},"Fe2O3",-824.2,-742.2,87.4,{"category":181,"formula":245,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":246,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":247,"S_J_per_mol_K":248},"Fe3O4",-1118.4,-1015.4,146.4,{"category":181,"formula":250,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":251,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":252,"S_J_per_mol_K":253},"FeO",-272,-255.2,60.75,{"category":181,"formula":255,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":256,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":257,"S_J_per_mol_K":258},"CuO",-157.3,-129.7,42.63,{"category":181,"formula":260,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":261,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":262,"S_J_per_mol_K":263},"Cu2O",-168.6,-146,93.14,{"category":181,"formula":265,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":266,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":267,"S_J_per_mol_K":268},"ZnO",-350.5,-320.5,43.7,{"category":181,"formula":270,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":271,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":272,"S_J_per_mol_K":273},"CaO",-634.9,-603.3,38.1,{"category":181,"formula":275,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":276,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":277,"S_J_per_mol_K":278},"MgO",-601.7,-569.4,26.9,{"category":181,"formula":280,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":281,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":282,"S_J_per_mol_K":283},"SiO2",-910.7,-856.3,41.5,{"category":181,"formula":285,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":286,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":287,"S_J_per_mol_K":288},"P4O10",-2984,-2697,228.86,{"category":181,"formula":290,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":291,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":292,"S_J_per_mol_K":293},"MnO2",-520.03,-465.1,53.05,{"category":181,"formula":295,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":296,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":297,"S_J_per_mol_K":298},"Mn3O4",-1378.83,-1283.23,155.64,{"category":181,"formula":300,"phase":301,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":302,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":303,"S_J_per_mol_K":304},"PbO","s (red)",-218.99,-188.93,66.5,{"category":181,"formula":306,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":307,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":308,"S_J_per_mol_K":309},"PbO2",-277.4,-217.3,68.6,{"category":181,"formula":311,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":312,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":313,"S_J_per_mol_K":314},"SnO2",-577.6,-515.8,49,{"category":181,"formula":316,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":317,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":318,"S_J_per_mol_K":319},"TiO2",-944,-888.8,50.6,{"category":181,"formula":321,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":322,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":323,"S_J_per_mol_K":324},"Cr2O3",-1139.7,-1058.1,81.2,{"category":181,"formula":326,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":327,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":328,"S_J_per_mol_K":329},"Ag2O",-31.05,-11.2,121.3,{"category":181,"formula":331,"phase":301,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":332,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":333,"S_J_per_mol_K":334},"HgO",-90.83,-58.5,70.29,{"category":181,"formula":331,"phase":336,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":337,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":338,"S_J_per_mol_K":339},"s (yellow)",-90.46,-58.43,71.13,{"category":341,"formula":342,"phase":113,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":343,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":344,"S_J_per_mol_K":345},"Acids and bases","HF",-273.3,-275.4,173.8,{"category":341,"formula":347,"phase":113,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":348,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":349,"S_J_per_mol_K":350},"HCl",-92.307,-95.299,186.9,{"category":341,"formula":352,"phase":113,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":353,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":354,"S_J_per_mol_K":355},"HBr",-36.3,-53.43,198.7,{"category":341,"formula":357,"phase":113,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":358,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":359,"S_J_per_mol_K":360},"HI",26.48,1.7,206.59,{"category":341,"formula":362,"phase":113,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":363,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":364,"S_J_per_mol_K":365},"H2S",-20.6,-33.4,205.8,{"category":341,"formula":367,"phase":98,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":368,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":369,"S_J_per_mol_K":370},"HNO3",-174.1,-80.7,155.6,{"category":341,"formula":367,"phase":372,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":373,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":374,"S_J_per_mol_K":375},"aq",-207.4,-110.5,146,{"category":341,"formula":377,"phase":98,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":378,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":379,"S_J_per_mol_K":380},"H2SO4",-813.989,-690,156.9,{"category":341,"formula":382,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":383,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":384,"S_J_per_mol_K":385},"H3PO4",-1279,-1119.1,110.5,{"category":341,"formula":382,"phase":98,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":387,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":388,"S_J_per_mol_K":385},-1266.9,-1124.3,{"category":341,"formula":390,"phase":113,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":391,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":392,"S_J_per_mol_K":393},"NH3",-45.9,-16.5,192.8,{"category":341,"formula":395,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":396,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":397,"S_J_per_mol_K":398},"NaOH",-425.6,-379.5,64.5,{"category":341,"formula":400,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":401,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":402,"S_J_per_mol_K":403},"KOH",-424.8,-379.1,78.9,{"category":341,"formula":405,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":406,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":407,"S_J_per_mol_K":408},"Ca(OH)2",-985.2,-897.5,83.4,{"category":341,"formula":410,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":411,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":412,"S_J_per_mol_K":413},"Mg(OH)2",-924.5,-833.6,63.2,{"category":341,"formula":415,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":416,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":417,"S_J_per_mol_K":418},"Li(OH)",-487.5,-441.5,42.8,{"category":420,"formula":421,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":422,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":423,"S_J_per_mol_K":424},"Salts and ionic solids","NaCl",-411.2,-384.1,72.1,{"category":420,"formula":426,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":427,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":428,"S_J_per_mol_K":429},"KCl",-436.5,-408.5,82.6,{"category":420,"formula":431,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":432,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":433,"S_J_per_mol_K":434},"KF",-576.27,-537.75,66.57,{"category":420,"formula":436,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":437,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":438,"S_J_per_mol_K":439},"LiF",-616,-587.5,35.7,{"category":420,"formula":441,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":442,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":443,"S_J_per_mol_K":444},"CaCl2",-795.8,-748.1,104.6,{"category":420,"formula":446,"phase":447,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":448,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":449,"S_J_per_mol_K":450},"CaCO3","s (calcite)",-1220,-1081.4,110,{"category":420,"formula":452,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":453,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":454,"S_J_per_mol_K":455},"Na2CO3",-1130.7,-1044.5,135,{"category":420,"formula":457,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":458,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":459,"S_J_per_mol_K":460},"Li2CO3",-1216.04,-1132.19,90.17,{"category":420,"formula":462,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":463,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":464,"S_J_per_mol_K":465},"KNO3",-494.6,-394.9,133.1,{"category":420,"formula":467,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":468,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":469,"S_J_per_mol_K":470},"NH4Cl",-314.43,-202.87,94.6,{"category":420,"formula":472,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":473,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":474,"S_J_per_mol_K":475},"NH4NO3",-365.56,-183.87,151.08,{"category":420,"formula":477,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":478,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":479,"S_J_per_mol_K":480},"AgCl",-127,-109.8,96.3,{"category":420,"formula":482,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":483,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":484,"S_J_per_mol_K":485},"AgNO3",-124.4,-33.5,140.9,{"category":420,"formula":487,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":488,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":489,"S_J_per_mol_K":490},"PbCl2",-359.4,-314.1,136,{"category":420,"formula":492,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":493,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":494,"S_J_per_mol_K":495},"ZnCl2",-415.1,-369.43,111.5,{"category":420,"formula":497,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":498,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":499,"S_J_per_mol_K":500},"FeCl3",-399.49,-334,142.3,{"category":420,"formula":502,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":503,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":504,"S_J_per_mol_K":505},"CaSO4",-1434.5,-1322,106.5,{"category":420,"formula":507,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":508,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":509,"S_J_per_mol_K":510},"CaSO4·2H2O",-2022.63,-1797.45,194.14,{"category":420,"formula":512,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":513,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":514,"S_J_per_mol_K":515},"BaSO4",-1473.2,-1362.3,132.2,{"category":420,"formula":517,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":518,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":519,"S_J_per_mol_K":520},"CuSO4",-771.36,-662.2,109.2,{"category":420,"formula":522,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":523,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":524,"S_J_per_mol_K":385},"ZnSO4",-982.8,-871.5,{"category":420,"formula":526,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":527,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":528,"S_J_per_mol_K":529},"PbS",-100.4,-98.7,91.2,{"category":420,"formula":531,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":532,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":533,"S_J_per_mol_K":304},"CuS",-53.1,-53.6,{"category":420,"formula":535,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":536,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":537,"S_J_per_mol_K":538},"ZnS",-206,-201.3,57.7,{"category":420,"formula":540,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":541,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":527,"S_J_per_mol_K":542},"FeS",-100,60.29,{"category":420,"formula":544,"phase":93,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":545,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":546,"S_J_per_mol_K":547},"Ag2S",-32.6,-40.7,144,{"category":549,"formula":550,"phase":372,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":94,"S_J_per_mol_K":94},"Aqueous ions","H+",{"category":549,"formula":552,"phase":372,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":553,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":554,"S_J_per_mol_K":555},"Na+",-240.1,-261.9,59,{"category":549,"formula":557,"phase":372,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":558,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":559,"S_J_per_mol_K":560},"K+",-252.4,-283.3,102.5,{"category":549,"formula":562,"phase":372,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":563,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":564,"S_J_per_mol_K":565},"Li+",-278.5,-293.3,13.4,{"category":549,"formula":567,"phase":372,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":568,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":569,"S_J_per_mol_K":570},"NH4+",-132.5,-79.31,113.4,{"category":549,"formula":572,"phase":372,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":573,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":574,"S_J_per_mol_K":575},"Ca2+",-542.96,-553.04,-55.2,{"category":549,"formula":577,"phase":372,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":578,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":579,"S_J_per_mol_K":580},"Mg2+",-466.9,-454.8,-138.1,{"category":549,"formula":582,"phase":372,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":583,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":584,"S_J_per_mol_K":585},"Ba2+",-537.6,-560.8,9.6,{"category":549,"formula":587,"phase":372,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":588,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":589,"S_J_per_mol_K":590},"Al3+",-531,-485,-321.7,{"category":549,"formula":592,"phase":372,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":593,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":594,"S_J_per_mol_K":595},"Zn2+",-153.9,-147.1,-112.1,{"category":549,"formula":597,"phase":372,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":598,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":599,"S_J_per_mol_K":600},"Fe2+",-89.1,-78.9,-137.7,{"category":549,"formula":602,"phase":372,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":603,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":604,"S_J_per_mol_K":605},"Fe3+",-48.5,-4.7,-315.9,{"category":549,"formula":607,"phase":372,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":608,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":609,"S_J_per_mol_K":610},"Cu2+",64.77,65.49,-99.6,{"category":549,"formula":612,"phase":372,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":613,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":614,"S_J_per_mol_K":615},"Ag+",105.6,77.11,72.68,{"category":549,"formula":617,"phase":372,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":618,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":619,"S_J_per_mol_K":620},"Pb2+",-1.7,-24.43,10.5,{"category":549,"formula":622,"phase":372,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":623,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":624,"S_J_per_mol_K":625},"Mn2+",-220.8,-228.1,-73.6,{"category":549,"formula":627,"phase":372,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":628,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":629,"S_J_per_mol_K":630},"OH-",-230,-157.2,-10.75,{"category":549,"formula":632,"phase":372,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":633,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":634,"S_J_per_mol_K":635},"Cl-",-167.2,-131.2,56.5,{"category":549,"formula":637,"phase":372,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":638,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":639,"S_J_per_mol_K":640},"Br-",-120.9,-102.82,80.71,{"category":549,"formula":642,"phase":372,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":643,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":644,"S_J_per_mol_K":645},"I-",-55.19,-51.57,11.13,{"category":549,"formula":647,"phase":372,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":648,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":649,"S_J_per_mol_K":650},"F-",-332.6,-278.8,-13.8,{"category":549,"formula":652,"phase":372,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":653,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":654,"S_J_per_mol_K":248},"NO3-",-205,-108.7,{"category":549,"formula":656,"phase":372,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":657,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":658,"S_J_per_mol_K":659},"SO4 2-",-909.3,-744.5,20.1,{"category":549,"formula":661,"phase":372,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":662,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":663,"S_J_per_mol_K":664},"CO3 2-",-677.1,-527.8,-56.9,{"category":549,"formula":666,"phase":372,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":667,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":668,"S_J_per_mol_K":669},"HCO3-",-691.11,-587.06,95,{"category":549,"formula":671,"phase":372,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":672,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":673,"S_J_per_mol_K":674},"PO4 3-",-1277,-1019,-222,{"category":549,"formula":676,"phase":372,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":677,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":678,"S_J_per_mol_K":679},"HSO4-",-885.75,-752.87,126.9,{"category":549,"formula":681,"phase":372,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":682,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":683,"S_J_per_mol_K":684},"MnO4-",-541.4,-447.2,191.2,{"category":549,"formula":686,"phase":372,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":687,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":688,"S_J_per_mol_K":689},"CrO4 2-",-881.2,-727.8,50.21,{"category":549,"formula":691,"phase":372,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":692,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":693,"S_J_per_mol_K":694},"Cr2O7 2-",-1490.3,-1301.1,261.9,{"category":549,"formula":696,"phase":372,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":697,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":698,"S_J_per_mol_K":699},"S2-",41.8,83.7,22,{"category":701,"formula":702,"phase":113,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":703,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":704,"S_J_per_mol_K":705},"Organic compounds","CH4",-74.6,-50.5,186.3,{"category":701,"formula":707,"phase":113,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":708,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":709,"S_J_per_mol_K":710},"C2H2",227.4,209.2,200.9,{"category":701,"formula":712,"phase":113,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":713,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":714,"S_J_per_mol_K":715},"C2H4",52.4,68.4,219.3,{"category":701,"formula":717,"phase":113,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":718,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":719,"S_J_per_mol_K":720},"C2H6",-84,-32,229.2,{"category":701,"formula":722,"phase":113,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":723,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":724,"S_J_per_mol_K":725},"C3H8",-103.8,-23.4,270.3,{"category":701,"formula":727,"phase":98,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":728,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":729,"S_J_per_mol_K":730},"C6H6",49.1,124.5,173.4,{"category":701,"formula":727,"phase":113,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":732,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":733,"S_J_per_mol_K":734},82.927,129.66,269.2,{"category":701,"formula":736,"phase":98,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":737,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":738,"S_J_per_mol_K":739},"CH3OH",-239.2,-166.6,126.8,{"category":701,"formula":736,"phase":113,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":741,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":742,"S_J_per_mol_K":743},-201,-162.3,239.9,{"category":701,"formula":745,"phase":98,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":746,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":747,"S_J_per_mol_K":748},"C2H5OH",-277.6,-174.8,160.7,{"category":701,"formula":745,"phase":113,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":750,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":751,"S_J_per_mol_K":752},-234.8,-167.9,281.6,{"category":701,"formula":754,"phase":98,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":755,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":756,"S_J_per_mol_K":757},"CH3CO2H",-484.3,-389.9,159.8,{"category":701,"formula":759,"phase":113,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":760,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":761,"S_J_per_mol_K":762},"HCN",135.5,124.7,201.8,{"category":701,"formula":764,"phase":98,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":765,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":766,"S_J_per_mol_K":767},"CCl4",-128.2,-62.5,214.4,{"category":701,"formula":769,"phase":98,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":770,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":771,"S_J_per_mol_K":772},"CHCl3",-134.1,-73.7,201.7,{"category":701,"formula":774,"phase":98,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":775,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":776,"S_J_per_mol_K":777},"CH2Cl2",-124.2,-63.2,177.8,{"category":701,"formula":779,"phase":113,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":780,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":781,"S_J_per_mol_K":782},"CH3Cl",-81.9,-60.2,234.6,{"category":701,"formula":784,"phase":98,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":785,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":786,"S_J_per_mol_K":787},"CS2",89.7,65.27,151.34,{"category":789,"formula":790,"phase":113,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":791,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":792,"S_J_per_mol_K":793},"Other molecular compounds","PH3",5.4,13.5,210.2,{"category":789,"formula":795,"phase":113,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":796,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":797,"S_J_per_mol_K":798},"SiH4",34.3,56.9,204.6,{"category":789,"formula":800,"phase":98,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":801,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":802,"S_J_per_mol_K":803},"N2H4",50.63,149.43,121.21,{"category":789,"formula":805,"phase":113,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":806,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":807,"S_J_per_mol_K":808},"SbCl3",-313.8,-301.2,337.8,{"category":789,"formula":810,"phase":113,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":811,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":812,"S_J_per_mol_K":813},"SbCl5",-394.34,-334.29,401.94,{"category":789,"formula":815,"phase":113,"deltaH_f_kJ_per_mol":816,"deltaG_f_kJ_per_mol":817,"S_J_per_mol_K":818},"ICl",17.78,-5.44,247.44,{"label":820,"url":77},"Facts compiled from OpenStax Chemistry 2e, Appendix G and standard general-chemistry references; selection and organization by ChemWhiz",1787246032605]