[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":596},["ShallowReactive",2],{"reference-solubility-product-constants":3},{"table":4},{"id":5,"slug":6,"title":7,"shortTitle":8,"category":9,"description":10,"metaDescription":11,"columns":12,"rows":31,"entryCount":551,"sources":552,"notes":560,"relatedTopics":565,"relatedElements":570,"seoKeywords":579,"relatedReferences":587,"tableTitle":591,"tableDescription":592,"seoTitle":593,"filters":594},13,"solubility-product-constants","Solubility Product Constants (Ksp) at 25 °C","Ksp Values","equilibrium","Solubility product constants (Ksp) at 25 °C for 100 sparingly soluble ionic compounds, grouped by metal, each with its dissolution equilibrium. Use Ksp with the dissolution stoichiometry to compute molar solubility, predict precipitation with Q vs Ksp, and analyze common-ion and complex-ion effects.","Solubility product constants (Ksp) at 25 °C for 100 sparingly soluble salts, with dissolution equations, for molar-solubility and precipitation problems.",[13,17,21,25,28],{"key":14,"label":15,"type":16},"formula","Formula","chem",{"key":18,"label":19,"type":20},"name","Name","text",{"key":22,"label":23,"type":16,"sortType":24},"Ksp","Ksp (25 °C)","numeric",{"key":26,"label":27,"type":16},"dissolution","Dissolution Equilibrium",{"key":29,"label":30,"type":20},"category","Metal",[32,38,44,49,54,59,64,69,74,79,85,90,95,101,106,111,117,122,127,132,137,142,147,153,159,164,169,174,179,185,190,195,200,205,210,215,220,226,231,236,241,247,252,257,262,267,272,277,282,287,292,298,302,307,312,317,323,328,333,339,344,349,354,359,364,369,374,379,385,390,395,400,406,411,416,422,427,432,437,442,447,452,457,462,467,472,478,483,488,493,498,503,509,514,519,524,530,535,540,546],{"formula":33,"name":34,"Ksp":35,"dissolution":36,"category":37},"Al(OH)₃","Aluminum hydroxide","4.6 × 10⁻³³","Al(OH)₃(s) ⇌ Al³⁺(aq) + 3 OH⁻(aq)","Aluminum",{"formula":39,"name":40,"Ksp":41,"dissolution":42,"category":43},"Ba(OH)₂·8H₂O","Barium hydroxide octahydrate","5.0 × 10⁻³","Ba(OH)₂·8H₂O(s) ⇌ Ba²⁺(aq) + 2 OH⁻(aq) + 8 H₂O(l)","Barium",{"formula":45,"name":46,"Ksp":47,"dissolution":48,"category":43},"Ba₃(AsO₄)₂","Barium arsenate","1.1 × 10⁻¹³","Ba₃(AsO₄)₂(s) ⇌ 3 Ba²⁺(aq) + 2 AsO₄³⁻(aq)",{"formula":50,"name":51,"Ksp":52,"dissolution":53,"category":43},"Ba₃(PO₄)₂","Barium phosphate","6 × 10⁻³⁹","Ba₃(PO₄)₂(s) ⇌ 3 Ba²⁺(aq) + 2 PO₄³⁻(aq)",{"formula":55,"name":56,"Ksp":57,"dissolution":58,"category":43},"BaC₂O₄·2H₂O","Barium oxalate dihydrate","1.1 × 10⁻⁷","BaC₂O₄·2H₂O(s) ⇌ Ba²⁺(aq) + C₂O₄²⁻(aq) + 2 H₂O(l)",{"formula":60,"name":61,"Ksp":62,"dissolution":63,"category":43},"BaCO₃","Barium carbonate","1.6 × 10⁻⁹","BaCO₃(s) ⇌ Ba²⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq)",{"formula":65,"name":66,"Ksp":67,"dissolution":68,"category":43},"BaCrO₄","Barium chromate","8.5 × 10⁻¹¹","BaCrO₄(s) ⇌ Ba²⁺(aq) + CrO₄²⁻(aq)",{"formula":70,"name":71,"Ksp":72,"dissolution":73,"category":43},"BaF₂","Barium fluoride","2.4 × 10⁻⁵","BaF₂(s) ⇌ Ba²⁺(aq) + 2 F⁻(aq)",{"formula":75,"name":76,"Ksp":77,"dissolution":78,"category":43},"BaSO₄","Barium sulfate","1.1 × 10⁻¹⁰","BaSO₄(s) ⇌ Ba²⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq)",{"formula":80,"name":81,"Ksp":82,"dissolution":83,"category":84},"Bi₂S₃","Bismuth sulfide","1 × 10⁻⁹⁷","Bi₂S₃(s) ⇌ 2 Bi³⁺(aq) + 3 S²⁻(aq)","Bismuth",{"formula":86,"name":87,"Ksp":88,"dissolution":89,"category":84},"BiO(OH)","Bismuthyl hydroxide","4 × 10⁻¹⁰","BiO(OH)(s) ⇌ BiO⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq)",{"formula":91,"name":92,"Ksp":93,"dissolution":94,"category":84},"BiOCl","Bismuthyl chloride","1.8 × 10⁻³¹","BiOCl(s) ⇌ BiO⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq)",{"formula":96,"name":97,"Ksp":98,"dissolution":99,"category":100},"Cd(OH)₂","Cadmium hydroxide","5.9 × 10⁻¹⁵","Cd(OH)₂(s) ⇌ Cd²⁺(aq) + 2 OH⁻(aq)","Cadmium",{"formula":102,"name":103,"Ksp":104,"dissolution":105,"category":100},"CdCO₃","Cadmium carbonate","5.2 × 10⁻¹²","CdCO₃(s) ⇌ Cd²⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq)",{"formula":107,"name":108,"Ksp":109,"dissolution":110,"category":100},"CdS","Cadmium sulfide","1.0 × 10⁻²⁸","CdS(s) ⇌ Cd²⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq)",{"formula":112,"name":113,"Ksp":114,"dissolution":115,"category":116},"Ca(OH)₂","Calcium hydroxide","1.3 × 10⁻⁶","Ca(OH)₂(s) ⇌ Ca²⁺(aq) + 2 OH⁻(aq)","Calcium",{"formula":118,"name":119,"Ksp":120,"dissolution":121,"category":116},"Ca₃(PO₄)₂","Calcium phosphate","1.3 × 10⁻³²","Ca₃(PO₄)₂(s) ⇌ 3 Ca²⁺(aq) + 2 PO₄³⁻(aq)",{"formula":123,"name":124,"Ksp":125,"dissolution":126,"category":116},"CaC₂O₄·H₂O","Calcium oxalate monohydrate","1.96 × 10⁻⁹","CaC₂O₄·H₂O(s) ⇌ Ca²⁺(aq) + C₂O₄²⁻(aq) + H₂O(l)",{"formula":128,"name":129,"Ksp":130,"dissolution":131,"category":116},"CaCO₃","Calcium carbonate","3.8 × 10⁻⁹","CaCO₃(s) ⇌ Ca²⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq)",{"formula":133,"name":134,"Ksp":135,"dissolution":136,"category":116},"CaF₂","Calcium fluoride","3.9 × 10⁻¹¹","CaF₂(s) ⇌ Ca²⁺(aq) + 2 F⁻(aq)",{"formula":138,"name":139,"Ksp":140,"dissolution":141,"category":116},"CaHPO₄","Calcium hydrogen phosphate","7 × 10⁻⁷","CaHPO₄(s) ⇌ Ca²⁺(aq) + HPO₄²⁻(aq)",{"formula":143,"name":144,"Ksp":145,"dissolution":146,"category":116},"CaSO₄·2H₂O","Calcium sulfate dihydrate","6.1 × 10⁻⁵","CaSO₄·2H₂O(s) ⇌ Ca²⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq) + 2 H₂O(l)",{"formula":148,"name":149,"Ksp":150,"dissolution":151,"category":152},"Cr(OH)₃","Chromium(III) hydroxide","6.7 × 10⁻³¹","Cr(OH)₃(s) ⇌ Cr³⁺(aq) + 3 OH⁻(aq)","Chromium",{"formula":154,"name":155,"Ksp":156,"dissolution":157,"category":158},"Co(OH)₂","Cobalt(II) hydroxide","2.5 × 10⁻¹⁶","Co(OH)₂(s) ⇌ Co²⁺(aq) + 2 OH⁻(aq)","Cobalt",{"formula":160,"name":161,"Ksp":162,"dissolution":163,"category":158},"Co(OH)₃","Cobalt(III) hydroxide","2.5 × 10⁻⁴³","Co(OH)₃(s) ⇌ Co³⁺(aq) + 3 OH⁻(aq)",{"formula":165,"name":166,"Ksp":167,"dissolution":168,"category":158},"CoCO₃","Cobalt(II) carbonate","1.4 × 10⁻¹³","CoCO₃(s) ⇌ Co²⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq)",{"formula":170,"name":171,"Ksp":172,"dissolution":173,"category":158},"CoS(α)","Cobalt(II) sulfide (alpha form)","5 × 10⁻²²","CoS(α)(s) ⇌ Co²⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq)",{"formula":175,"name":176,"Ksp":177,"dissolution":178,"category":158},"CoS(β)","Cobalt(II) sulfide (beta form)","3 × 10⁻²⁶","CoS(β)(s) ⇌ Co²⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq)",{"formula":180,"name":181,"Ksp":182,"dissolution":183,"category":184},"Cu(OH)₂","Copper(II) hydroxide","2.2 × 10⁻²⁰","Cu(OH)₂(s) ⇌ Cu²⁺(aq) + 2 OH⁻(aq)","Copper",{"formula":186,"name":187,"Ksp":188,"dissolution":189,"category":184},"Cu₂S","Copper(I) sulfide","2.5 × 10⁻⁴⁸","Cu₂S(s) ⇌ 2 Cu⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq)",{"formula":191,"name":192,"Ksp":193,"dissolution":194,"category":184},"CuBr","Copper(I) bromide","6.27 × 10⁻⁹","CuBr(s) ⇌ Cu⁺(aq) + Br⁻(aq)",{"formula":196,"name":197,"Ksp":198,"dissolution":199,"category":184},"CuCl","Copper(I) chloride","1.2 × 10⁻⁶","CuCl(s) ⇌ Cu⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq)",{"formula":201,"name":202,"Ksp":203,"dissolution":204,"category":184},"CuCO₃","Copper(II) carbonate","2.5 × 10⁻¹⁰","CuCO₃(s) ⇌ Cu²⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq)",{"formula":206,"name":207,"Ksp":208,"dissolution":209,"category":184},"CuI","Copper(I) iodide","1.27 × 10⁻¹²","CuI(s) ⇌ Cu⁺(aq) + I⁻(aq)",{"formula":211,"name":212,"Ksp":213,"dissolution":214,"category":184},"CuS","Copper(II) sulfide","8.5 × 10⁻⁴⁵","CuS(s) ⇌ Cu²⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq)",{"formula":216,"name":217,"Ksp":218,"dissolution":219,"category":184},"CuSCN","Copper(I) thiocyanate","1.6 × 10⁻¹¹","CuSCN(s) ⇌ Cu⁺(aq) + SCN⁻(aq)",{"formula":221,"name":222,"Ksp":223,"dissolution":224,"category":225},"Fe(OH)₂","Iron(II) hydroxide","8 × 10⁻¹⁶","Fe(OH)₂(s) ⇌ Fe²⁺(aq) + 2 OH⁻(aq)","Iron",{"formula":227,"name":228,"Ksp":229,"dissolution":230,"category":225},"Fe(OH)₃","Iron(III) hydroxide","4 × 10⁻³⁸","Fe(OH)₃(s) ⇌ Fe³⁺(aq) + 3 OH⁻(aq)",{"formula":232,"name":233,"Ksp":234,"dissolution":235,"category":225},"FeCO₃","Iron(II) carbonate","2.1 × 10⁻¹¹","FeCO₃(s) ⇌ Fe²⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq)",{"formula":237,"name":238,"Ksp":239,"dissolution":240,"category":225},"FeS","Iron(II) sulfide","3.7 × 10⁻¹⁹","FeS(s) ⇌ Fe²⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq)",{"formula":242,"name":243,"Ksp":244,"dissolution":245,"category":246},"Pb(OH)₂","Lead(II) hydroxide","1.2 × 10⁻¹⁵","Pb(OH)₂(s) ⇌ Pb²⁺(aq) + 2 OH⁻(aq)","Lead",{"formula":248,"name":249,"Ksp":250,"dissolution":251,"category":246},"Pb₃(PO₄)₂","Lead(II) phosphate","1 × 10⁻⁵⁴","Pb₃(PO₄)₂(s) ⇌ 3 Pb²⁺(aq) + 2 PO₄³⁻(aq)",{"formula":253,"name":254,"Ksp":255,"dissolution":256,"category":246},"PbBr₂","Lead(II) bromide","4.6 × 10⁻⁶","PbBr₂(s) ⇌ Pb²⁺(aq) + 2 Br⁻(aq)",{"formula":258,"name":259,"Ksp":260,"dissolution":261,"category":246},"PbCl₂","Lead(II) chloride","1.6 × 10⁻⁵","PbCl₂(s) ⇌ Pb²⁺(aq) + 2 Cl⁻(aq)",{"formula":263,"name":264,"Ksp":265,"dissolution":266,"category":246},"PbCO₃","Lead(II) carbonate","1.5 × 10⁻¹⁵","PbCO₃(s) ⇌ Pb²⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq)",{"formula":268,"name":269,"Ksp":270,"dissolution":271,"category":246},"PbCrO₄","Lead(II) chromate","2 × 10⁻¹⁶","PbCrO₄(s) ⇌ Pb²⁺(aq) + CrO₄²⁻(aq)",{"formula":273,"name":274,"Ksp":275,"dissolution":276,"category":246},"PbF₂","Lead(II) fluoride","4 × 10⁻⁸","PbF₂(s) ⇌ Pb²⁺(aq) + 2 F⁻(aq)",{"formula":278,"name":279,"Ksp":280,"dissolution":281,"category":246},"PbI₂","Lead(II) iodide","1.4 × 10⁻⁸","PbI₂(s) ⇌ Pb²⁺(aq) + 2 I⁻(aq)",{"formula":283,"name":284,"Ksp":285,"dissolution":286,"category":246},"PbS","Lead(II) sulfide","7 × 10⁻²⁹","PbS(s) ⇌ Pb²⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq)",{"formula":288,"name":289,"Ksp":290,"dissolution":291,"category":246},"PbSO₄","Lead(II) sulfate","1.3 × 10⁻⁸","PbSO₄(s) ⇌ Pb²⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq)",{"formula":293,"name":294,"Ksp":295,"dissolution":296,"category":297},"Mg(OH)₂","Magnesium hydroxide","8.9 × 10⁻¹²","Mg(OH)₂(s) ⇌ Mg²⁺(aq) + 2 OH⁻(aq)","Magnesium",{"formula":299,"name":300,"Ksp":140,"dissolution":301,"category":297},"MgC₂O₄","Magnesium oxalate","MgC₂O₄(s) ⇌ Mg²⁺(aq) + C₂O₄²⁻(aq)",{"formula":303,"name":304,"Ksp":305,"dissolution":306,"category":297},"MgCO₃·3H₂O","Magnesium carbonate trihydrate","≈ 1 × 10⁻⁵","MgCO₃·3H₂O(s) ⇌ Mg²⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq) + 3 H₂O(l)",{"formula":308,"name":309,"Ksp":310,"dissolution":311,"category":297},"MgF₂","Magnesium fluoride","6.4 × 10⁻⁹","MgF₂(s) ⇌ Mg²⁺(aq) + 2 F⁻(aq)",{"formula":313,"name":314,"Ksp":315,"dissolution":316,"category":297},"MgNH₄PO₄","Magnesium ammonium phosphate","3 × 10⁻¹³","MgNH₄PO₄(s) ⇌ Mg²⁺(aq) + NH₄⁺(aq) + PO₄³⁻(aq)",{"formula":318,"name":319,"Ksp":320,"dissolution":321,"category":322},"Mn(OH)₂","Manganese(II) hydroxide","2 × 10⁻¹³","Mn(OH)₂(s) ⇌ Mn²⁺(aq) + 2 OH⁻(aq)","Manganese",{"formula":324,"name":325,"Ksp":326,"dissolution":327,"category":322},"MnCO₃","Manganese(II) carbonate","1.8 × 10⁻¹¹","MnCO₃(s) ⇌ Mn²⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq)",{"formula":329,"name":330,"Ksp":331,"dissolution":332,"category":322},"MnS","Manganese(II) sulfide","2.3 × 10⁻¹³","MnS(s) ⇌ Mn²⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq)",{"formula":334,"name":335,"Ksp":336,"dissolution":337,"category":338},"Hg₂Br₂","Mercury(I) bromide","1.3 × 10⁻²²","Hg₂Br₂(s) ⇌ Hg₂²⁺(aq) + 2 Br⁻(aq)","Mercury",{"formula":340,"name":341,"Ksp":342,"dissolution":343,"category":338},"Hg₂Cl₂","Mercury(I) chloride","1.1 × 10⁻¹⁸","Hg₂Cl₂(s) ⇌ Hg₂²⁺(aq) + 2 Cl⁻(aq)",{"formula":345,"name":346,"Ksp":347,"dissolution":348,"category":338},"Hg₂CO₃","Mercury(I) carbonate","9 × 10⁻¹⁵","Hg₂CO₃(s) ⇌ Hg₂²⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq)",{"formula":350,"name":351,"Ksp":352,"dissolution":353,"category":338},"Hg₂CrO₄","Mercury(I) chromate","2 × 10⁻⁹","Hg₂CrO₄(s) ⇌ Hg₂²⁺(aq) + CrO₄²⁻(aq)",{"formula":355,"name":356,"Ksp":357,"dissolution":358,"category":338},"Hg₂I₂","Mercury(I) iodide","4.5 × 10⁻²⁹","Hg₂I₂(s) ⇌ Hg₂²⁺(aq) + 2 I⁻(aq)",{"formula":360,"name":361,"Ksp":362,"dissolution":363,"category":338},"Hg₂O·H₂O","Mercury(I) oxide monohydrate","3.6 × 10⁻²⁶","Hg₂O·H₂O(s) ⇌ Hg₂²⁺(aq) + 2 OH⁻(aq)",{"formula":365,"name":366,"Ksp":367,"dissolution":368,"category":338},"Hg₂S","Mercury(I) sulfide","1.0 × 10⁻⁴⁷","Hg₂S(s) ⇌ Hg₂²⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq)",{"formula":370,"name":371,"Ksp":372,"dissolution":373,"category":338},"Hg₂SO₄","Mercury(I) sulfate","7.4 × 10⁻⁷","Hg₂SO₄(s) ⇌ Hg₂²⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq)",{"formula":375,"name":376,"Ksp":377,"dissolution":378,"category":338},"HgS","Mercury(II) sulfide","1.6 × 10⁻⁵⁴","HgS(s) ⇌ Hg²⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq)",{"formula":380,"name":381,"Ksp":382,"dissolution":383,"category":384},"Ni(OH)₂","Nickel(II) hydroxide","2 × 10⁻¹⁵","Ni(OH)₂(s) ⇌ Ni²⁺(aq) + 2 OH⁻(aq)","Nickel",{"formula":386,"name":387,"Ksp":388,"dissolution":389,"category":384},"NiCO₃","Nickel(II) carbonate","1.4 × 10⁻⁷","NiCO₃(s) ⇌ Ni²⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq)",{"formula":391,"name":392,"Ksp":393,"dissolution":394,"category":384},"NiS(α)","Nickel(II) sulfide (alpha form)","4 × 10⁻²⁰","NiS(α)(s) ⇌ Ni²⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq)",{"formula":396,"name":397,"Ksp":398,"dissolution":399,"category":384},"NiS(β)","Nickel(II) sulfide (beta form)","1.3 × 10⁻²⁵","NiS(β)(s) ⇌ Ni²⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq)",{"formula":401,"name":402,"Ksp":403,"dissolution":404,"category":405},"K₂PtCl₆","Potassium hexachloroplatinate(IV)","7.48 × 10⁻⁶","K₂PtCl₆(s) ⇌ 2 K⁺(aq) + PtCl₆²⁻(aq)","Potassium",{"formula":407,"name":408,"Ksp":409,"dissolution":410,"category":405},"KClO₄","Potassium perchlorate","1.05 × 10⁻²","KClO₄(s) ⇌ K⁺(aq) + ClO₄⁻(aq)",{"formula":412,"name":413,"Ksp":414,"dissolution":415,"category":405},"KHC₄H₄O₆","Potassium hydrogen tartrate","3 × 10⁻⁴","KHC₄H₄O₆(s) ⇌ K⁺(aq) + HC₄H₄O₆⁻(aq)",{"formula":417,"name":418,"Ksp":419,"dissolution":420,"category":421},"Ag₂CO₃","Silver carbonate","8.1 × 10⁻¹²","Ag₂CO₃(s) ⇌ 2 Ag⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq)","Silver",{"formula":423,"name":424,"Ksp":425,"dissolution":426,"category":421},"Ag₂CrO₄","Silver chromate","9.0 × 10⁻¹²","Ag₂CrO₄(s) ⇌ 2 Ag⁺(aq) + CrO₄²⁻(aq)",{"formula":428,"name":429,"Ksp":430,"dissolution":431,"category":421},"Ag₂S","Silver sulfide","1.6 × 10⁻⁴⁹","Ag₂S(s) ⇌ 2 Ag⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq)",{"formula":433,"name":434,"Ksp":435,"dissolution":436,"category":421},"Ag₂SO₄","Silver sulfate","1.2 × 10⁻⁵","Ag₂SO₄(s) ⇌ 2 Ag⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq)",{"formula":438,"name":439,"Ksp":440,"dissolution":441,"category":421},"Ag₃PO₄","Silver phosphate","1.77 × 10⁻¹⁸","Ag₃PO₄(s) ⇌ 3 Ag⁺(aq) + PO₄³⁻(aq)",{"formula":443,"name":444,"Ksp":445,"dissolution":446,"category":421},"Ag₄Fe(CN)₆","Silver ferrocyanide","1.55 × 10⁻⁴¹","Ag₄Fe(CN)₆(s) ⇌ 4 Ag⁺(aq) + [Fe(CN)₆]⁴⁻(aq)",{"formula":448,"name":449,"Ksp":450,"dissolution":451,"category":421},"AgBr","Silver bromide","5.0 × 10⁻¹³","AgBr(s) ⇌ Ag⁺(aq) + Br⁻(aq)",{"formula":453,"name":454,"Ksp":455,"dissolution":456,"category":421},"AgCl","Silver chloride","1.8 × 10⁻¹⁰","AgCl(s) ⇌ Ag⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq)",{"formula":458,"name":459,"Ksp":460,"dissolution":461,"category":421},"AgCN","Silver cyanide","1.2 × 10⁻¹⁶","AgCN(s) ⇌ Ag⁺(aq) + CN⁻(aq)",{"formula":463,"name":464,"Ksp":465,"dissolution":466,"category":421},"AgI","Silver iodide","8.3 × 10⁻¹⁷","AgI(s) ⇌ Ag⁺(aq) + I⁻(aq)",{"formula":468,"name":469,"Ksp":470,"dissolution":471,"category":421},"AgSCN","Silver thiocyanate","1.0 × 10⁻¹²","AgSCN(s) ⇌ Ag⁺(aq) + SCN⁻(aq)",{"formula":473,"name":474,"Ksp":475,"dissolution":476,"category":477},"Sr(OH)₂·8H₂O","Strontium hydroxide octahydrate","3.2 × 10⁻⁴","Sr(OH)₂·8H₂O(s) ⇌ Sr²⁺(aq) + 2 OH⁻(aq) + 8 H₂O(l)","Strontium",{"formula":479,"name":480,"Ksp":481,"dissolution":482,"category":477},"SrC₂O₄·H₂O","Strontium oxalate monohydrate","4 × 10⁻⁷","SrC₂O₄·H₂O(s) ⇌ Sr²⁺(aq) + C₂O₄²⁻(aq) + H₂O(l)",{"formula":484,"name":485,"Ksp":486,"dissolution":487,"category":477},"SrCO₃","Strontium carbonate","7 × 10⁻¹⁰","SrCO₃(s) ⇌ Sr²⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq)",{"formula":489,"name":490,"Ksp":491,"dissolution":492,"category":477},"SrCrO₄","Strontium chromate","3.6 × 10⁻⁵","SrCrO₄(s) ⇌ Sr²⁺(aq) + CrO₄²⁻(aq)",{"formula":494,"name":495,"Ksp":496,"dissolution":497,"category":477},"SrF₂","Strontium fluoride","2.5 × 10⁻⁹","SrF₂(s) ⇌ Sr²⁺(aq) + 2 F⁻(aq)",{"formula":499,"name":500,"Ksp":501,"dissolution":502,"category":477},"SrSO₄","Strontium sulfate","3.2 × 10⁻⁷","SrSO₄(s) ⇌ Sr²⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq)",{"formula":504,"name":505,"Ksp":506,"dissolution":507,"category":508},"Tl(OH)₃","Thallium(III) hydroxide","6.3 × 10⁻⁴⁶","Tl(OH)₃(s) ⇌ Tl³⁺(aq) + 3 OH⁻(aq)","Thallium",{"formula":510,"name":511,"Ksp":512,"dissolution":513,"category":508},"Tl₂S","Thallium(I) sulfide","6 × 10⁻²²","Tl₂S(s) ⇌ 2 Tl⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq)",{"formula":515,"name":516,"Ksp":517,"dissolution":518,"category":508},"TlCl","Thallium(I) chloride","1.7 × 10⁻⁴","TlCl(s) ⇌ Tl⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq)",{"formula":520,"name":521,"Ksp":522,"dissolution":523,"category":508},"TlSCN","Thallium(I) thiocyanate","1.6 × 10⁻⁴","TlSCN(s) ⇌ Tl⁺(aq) + SCN⁻(aq)",{"formula":525,"name":526,"Ksp":527,"dissolution":528,"category":529},"Sn(OH)₂","Tin(II) hydroxide","3 × 10⁻²⁷","Sn(OH)₂(s) ⇌ Sn²⁺(aq) + 2 OH⁻(aq)","Tin",{"formula":531,"name":532,"Ksp":533,"dissolution":534,"category":529},"Sn(OH)₄","Tin(IV) hydroxide","1.0 × 10⁻⁵⁷","Sn(OH)₄(s) ⇌ Sn⁴⁺(aq) + 4 OH⁻(aq)",{"formula":536,"name":537,"Ksp":538,"dissolution":539,"category":529},"SnS","Tin(II) sulfide","1 × 10⁻²⁶","SnS(s) ⇌ Sn²⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq)",{"formula":541,"name":542,"Ksp":543,"dissolution":544,"category":545},"Zn(OH)₂","Zinc hydroxide","1.2 × 10⁻¹⁷","Zn(OH)₂(s) ⇌ Zn²⁺(aq) + 2 OH⁻(aq)","Zinc",{"formula":547,"name":548,"Ksp":549,"dissolution":550,"category":545},"ZnCO₃","Zinc carbonate","2 × 10⁻¹⁰","ZnCO₃(s) ⇌ Zn²⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq)",100,[553,557],{"label":554,"url":555,"covers":556},"OpenStax Chemistry 2e, Appendix J (Solubility Products)","https://openstax.org/books/chemistry-2e/pages/j-solubility-products","85 of 100 entries",{"label":558,"covers":559},"ChemWhiz-curated values","15 entries curated for consistency across the site",[561,562,563,564],"All values at 25 °C (298.15 K). Solubility products span an enormous range; compare orders of magnitude, not digits.","A smaller Ksp does NOT always mean a lower molar solubility: the dissolution stoichiometry (1:1 vs 1:2 vs 2:3 salts) enters the calculation, so always solve through the equilibrium expression.","Fifteen entries use values curated by ChemWhiz for consistency; the rest follow the attributed source.","Ksp applies to saturated solutions of sparingly soluble compounds; freely soluble salts (most nitrates, alkali salts) are not tabulated.",[566,567,568,569],"solubility-and-complex-ion-equilibria","chemical-reactions-in-solution","electrochemistry","entropy-and-free-energy",[571,572,573,574,575,576,577,578],"Ag","Ba","Ca","Cu","Fe","Pb","Mg","Zn",[580,581,582,583,584,585,586],"Ksp table","solubility product constants","Ksp values 25 C","molar solubility","precipitation Q vs Ksp","silver chloride Ksp","calcium carbonate Ksp",[588,589,590],"formation-constants","solubility-rules","solubility-curves","Ksp Values at 25 °C","Combine Ksp with the dissolution stoichiometry to find molar solubility, or compare Q with Ksp for precipitation.","Solubility Product Constants (Ksp)",[595],{"key":29,"label":30},1787246032653]