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Radioactive decay is first-order: t½ = ln 2 / k, and after n half-lives the remaining fraction is (1/2)ⁿ.","Half-lives and decay modes of common radioactive isotopes, for first-order decay, radiometric dating, and nuclear-medicine problems.",[13,17,21,24,28,31],{"key":14,"label":15,"type":16},"isotope","Isotope","chem",{"key":18,"label":19,"type":20},"name","Name","text",{"key":22,"label":23,"type":20},"z","Z",{"key":25,"label":26,"type":16,"sortType":27},"halfLife","Half-Life","duration",{"key":29,"label":30,"type":16},"emission","Emission",{"key":32,"label":33,"type":20},"use","Notable Use",[35,42,48,54,59,64,69,75,80,84,90,95,100,107,112,118,124,131,135,140,144,148,153,157,162,167,171,175,179,184,188,193,197,202,206,210,215,220,224,228,232,237,242,246,250,254,258,263,268,272,276,281,286,292,297,303,307,312,317,322,327],{"isotope":36,"name":37,"z":38,"halfLife":39,"emission":40,"use":41},"¹⁴C","Carbon-14","6","5730 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Appendix M (Half-Lives for Several Radioactive Isotopes)","https://openstax.org/books/chemistry-2e/pages/m-half-lives-for-several-radioactive-isotopes","most isotopes",{"label":339,"url":340,"covers":341},"IAEA Live Chart of Nuclides (ChemWhiz corrections and supplemental medical isotopes)","https://www-nds.iaea.org/relnsd/vcharthtml/VChartHTML.html","the starred corrections and the Table 21.2 additions",[343,344,345,346,347,348,349,350],"Half-life units: y = years, d = days, h = hours, m = minutes, s = seconds. Emission codes: E.C. = electron capture, S.F. = spontaneous fission.","Decay is first-order: after n = t/t½ half-lives, N = N₀(1/2)ⁿ; and t½ = ln 2 / k regardless of the starting amount.","Dating windows follow the half-life: carbon-14 (5730 y) dates once-living material to about 50,000 years; uranium-238 (4.47 × 10⁹ y) dates rocks on geologic timescales.","Technetium-99m is a METASTABLE nuclear state (the m) of technetium-99, the workhorse of diagnostic imaging, reached from molybdenum-99 generators.","Starred rows are curated corrections of published-table misprints. Dubnium-260 is listed under its pre-1997 name hahnium (Ha).","Plutonium-240 is mislabeled as a second plutonium-239; its 6.54 × 10³ y half-life identifies it as Pu-240.","Technetium-99m is 6.01 h (the IAEA value); older tables list 8.01 h.","This table is a general reference.",[352,353,354],"atomic-structure-and-isotopes","chemical-kinetics","nuclear-chemistry",[356,357,358,359,360,361,362,363],"C","U","I","Co","Tc","Ra","Rn","Sr",[365,366,367,368,369,370,371,372],"half life table","radioisotope half lives","carbon-14 half life","uranium-238 half life","radioactive decay modes","technetium-99m","iodine-131 half life","radiometric dating","Half-Lives and Decay Modes","Use the half-life with first-order decay to find the fraction remaining after time t, and for radiometric dating.","Radioisotope Half-Lives",[377],{"key":29,"label":378},"Decay mode",1787246032900]